MOBILITÄT, UMWELT
Kommentare 109

Mobile Kohlenstoff-Abscheidung im Gütertransport

Es stellt sich als ziemlich schwieriges Unterfangen heraus, die E-Mobilität auch im Bereich des Gütertransportes zu etablieren, denn schließlich legen LKWs regelmäßig Tausende von Kilometern mit ihrer Fracht zurück.

Das in Detroit ansässige Startup namens REMORA hat eine andere Lösung entwickelt: ein Gerät, das die Kohlenstoffemissionen direkt von jedem Auspuffrohr erfassen kann. Während andere Geräte zur Kohlenstoffabscheidung dafür ausgelegt sind, Verschmutzungen aus Kraftwerken zu sammeln oder sogar CO2 direkt aus der Luft zu ziehen, konzentriert sich die neue Technologie als erste auf die mobile Kohlenstoffabscheidung.

Molekularsieb kann mindestens 80% des Kohlendioxids auffangen

Das Gerät kann an einem Fahrzeug zwischen LKW und Anhänger nachgerüstet werden und wird an das Auspuffrohr angeschlossen. Der Auspuff fließt durch ein „Molekularsieb“, ein Material mit winzigen Poren, das mindestens 80% des Kohlendioxids auffangen kann, welches der LKW ausstößt. Es kann auch Kohlenmonoxid und Stickoxide einfangen, beides gesundheitsschädliche Schadstoffe.

„Andere, harmlose Moleküle – wie beispielsweise Sauerstoff – gelangen einfach durch die Atmosphäre und gelangen in die Atmosphäre“, sagt CEO Paul Gross (Mitbegründerin Christina Reynolds entwickelte die Technologie als Doktorandin).

Während der Fahrt mit dem LKW wird das Adsorbensmaterial* durch Abwärme aus dem Abgas erwärmt, und die Poren dehnen sich aus und geben einen Strom von reinem CO2 in einen Tank auf dem LKW ab. „Wir können dies kontinuierlich tun, da wir beim Aufheizen einer Seite des Geräts auf der anderen Seite neues Kohlendioxid im Abgas auffangen und dann hin und her wechseln“, sagt Gross. Der Tank kann den Kohlenstoff aufnehmen, der beim Fahren von rund 1.000 Kilometern entsteht.

Eingefangener Kohlenstoff soll an Tankstellen abgepumpt werden

Wenn ein Fahrer zum Auftanken in eine Raststätte fährt, kann er einen Schlauch an einem Abladetank befestigen, den das Unternehmen an Tankstellen installieren würde. Die Ablagerung des eingefangenen Kohlenstoffs dauert einige Minuten − nicht länger als das Betanken mit Kraftstoff − und kann später zur Verwendung in Produkten wie Zement verkauft werden, wo er dauerhaft gebunden werden kann.

Während ähnliche Technologien für Autos entwickelt werden konnten, wollte sich das Unternehmen auf große Lastwagen konzentrieren. Aufgrund des Gewichts der Lastwagen und der langen Strecken, die sie zurücklegen müssen, ist es sehr schwierig, auf elektrische Langstrecken-LKWs zurückzugreifen. Außerdem ist es kostengünstiger, mit vorhandenen LKWs zu arbeiten, als ganze Flotten zu ersetzen. Das Gerät kostet etwa 15.000 US-Dollar (ein neuer Lkw kann das Zehnfache oder mehr kosten), und Flottenbesitzer können sich am Erlös aus dem Verkauf des eingefangenen Kohlenstoffs beteiligen, was eine zusätzliche Einnahmequelle für das Unternehmen wäre.

CO2-negative LKWs kein Traum mehr

Wenn ein Unternehmen das Gerät in Kombination mit Biokraftstoff, erneuerbarem Erdgas oder einem anderen Kraftstoff verwendet, der als klimaneutral eingestuft wird, kann das Fahren eines Lastwagens tatsächlich sogar CO2-negativ werden und mehr CO2 entfernen, als es erzeugt. „Wenn wir CO2-negative Lkw auf die Straße bringen können, warum sollten wir dann jemals die gesamte Infrastruktur überholen, die für die CO2-neutrale Elektrifizierung erforderlich ist?“, so Gross.

Das Startup testet das Gerät derzeit in seinem Labor in Detroit und wird im Herbst mit Pilotversuchen bei einigen der größten Unternehmen der Welt beginnen. Die Technologie könnte später auch in anderen Transportmitteln eingesetzt werden. „Wir sind sehr daran interessiert, dies für Lokomotiven und auch für Frachtschiffe zu tun, da ich denke, dass dies zwei andere Formen des Fernverkehrs sind, die ebenfalls schwer zu elektrifizieren sein werden“, sagt Gross. „Und sie tragen eine Menge CO2-Emissionen zum globalen Fußabdruck bei.“

*Ein Adsorbens oder Adsorptionsmittel oder -material dient zur Entfernung von Spurenstoffen aus Fluiden. Diese Spurenstoffe lagern sich adsorptiv an der Oberfläche des Adsorbens an (wikipedia.org).

fastcompany.com / Remora

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